States of Matter
Solids, Liquid, Gas.
Gas to liquid = condensation. (gas particles have a high amount of energy, as they are cooled energy decreases, the particles become closer together forming a liquid).
Liquid to Gas = Boiling (heating a liquid allows particles to absorb heat, they move faster to forma gas).
liquid to solid = Freezing (Energy decreases by cooling, the particles move closer together to form a solid).
Solid to liquid = Melting (heating a solid makes particles in the crystal lattice break free to form a liquid).
Sublimation = Solid to Gas skipping the liquid stage. e.g dry ice CO2(s)
Deposition = Gas to solid state skipping the liquid stage.
Matter can be divided into pure substances or mixtures.
Pure substances - Can either be an element or a compound
Mixtures - Made up of two or more substances.Easy to seperate. e.g through filtration. Mixtures can be heterogeneous (can easily see the different parts) or homogeneous (cannot easily see the different parts).
Elements - Are composed of a single type of atom.
Atom - Smallest particle of an element.
Compounds - composed of two of more elements in a specific ratio.e.g Water is made up on hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio.
